Researchers from the School of BioSciences have requested our help with one of theirexperiments. They are performing behavioural experiments with zebrafish. At any one instance intime there are a large number of zebrafish in the aquarium. For their particular experiment, thebiologist take a snapshot of the aquarium and then need to find the longest series of zebrafish suchthe length of each fish along the horizontal direction in the aquarium is increasing. They also needto know the number of zebra fish in this series.For example, the snapshot of the aquarium resulted in fish lengths of [2, 5, 3, 7, 11, 1, 12, 4, 15, 14, 6, 16].One possible longest series of increasing lengths in this case is [2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 14, 16] with 7 zebrafish.We say one possible longest series of increasing lengths here because it is not necessarily unique.For example, the length 14 in the output could be replaced with 15: [2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 15, 16] and alsobe valid.In this question you will consider algorithms for finding the longest series of increasing lengthsvia the function LongestIncreasingLengths(A[0, · · · , n ? 1]), as well as the size of this outputarray.(a) [1+2+1 = 4 Marks] Consider a recursive algorithm:i [1 Mark]Write down a recurrence relation for the function LongestIncreasingLengths.ii [2 Marks] Using this recurrence relation, write a recursive algorithm in pseudocode forLongestIncreasingLengths that only calculates the array size of the longest series ofincreasing lengths. You do not need to output the actual array containing the longestseries of increasing lengths in this part of the question. For the example above with inputA = [2, 5, 3, 7, 11, 1, 12, 4, 15, 14, 6, 16], the output should just be 7. The pseudocode shouldbe about 10 lines of code.iii [1 Mark] What is the time complexity of this recursive algorithm? Justify your answer.(b) [5+1+1 = 7 Marks]i [5 Marks] Building on from your recursive algorithm in part (a), write down a dynamicprogramming implementation in pseudocode for the functionLongestIncreasingLengths(A[0, · · · , n ? 1]) to find the longest series of increasinglengths. This should also output the size of the longest series of increasing lengths. Thepseudocode should be about 20 lines of code.ii [1 Mark] Explain how the recurrence relation used for your dynamic programming imple-mentation involves overlapping instances.iii [1 Mark] What is the time complexity of your algorithm and how much auxiliary spacewas required. Justify your answer.(c) [1+2 = 3 Marks] The time complexity of the recursive algorithm for LongestIncreasingLengthswas exponential, while the dynamic programming algorithm lead to a polynomialtime complexity (note, you need to determine that polynomial above). Here we will investigatean algorithm for the function LongestIncreasingLengths that has a time complexity ofO(n log n).Consider building a set of arrays for the input array A[0, · · · , n ? 1]. As we scan along A, wewill compare A[i] with the final element in each array in this set. This comparison will satisfythe following conditions:(1) If A[i] is smaller than the final element in each array, start a new array of size 1 with A[i].(2) If A[i] is larger than the final element in each array, copy the longest array and appendA[i] to this new array.(3) If A[i] is in between, find the array with the final element that is greater than A[i] andreplace that element with A[i].i [1 Mark] Write down the set of arrays that satisfy these rules for the input arrayA = [0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15].ii [2 Marks] Building from these conditions, explain how an algorithm for the functionLongestIncreasingLengths could run with time complexity O(n log n). You may makeuse any algorithm introduced in the lectures to help you with your explanation. Note: youdo not have to write this algorithm in pseudocode. We are expecting that you write a shortparagraph or a short list of bullet points describing the important steps of the algorithmto explain the time complexity.Hint: what if you only consider the final elements of this set of arrays as a single array?
Obtain the general solution of the following DEs: i. y′′′ + y′′ − 4y′ + 2y = 0 ii. y(4) + 4y(2) = 0 iii. x(x − 2)y′′ + 2(x − 1)y′ − 2y = 0; use y1 = (1 − x) iv. y′′ − 4y = sin2(x) v. y′′ − 4y′ + 3y = x ; use y1 = e3x vi. y′′ + 5y′ + 6y = e2xcos(x) vii. y′′ + y = sec(x) tan(x)
Obtain the general solution of the following DEs: i. y′′′ + y′′ − 4y′ + 2y = 0 ii. y(4) + 4y(2) = 0 iii. x(x − 2)y′′ + 2(x − 1)y′ − 2y = 0; use y1 = (1 − x) iv. y′′ − 4y = sin2(x) v. y′′