History + Cultural Influences[The Cultural Landscape Foundation(Links to an external site.):]Cultural landscapes(Links to an external site.) are landscapes that have been affected, influenced, or shaped by human involvement…. Collectively, cultural landscapes are works of art, narratives of culture, and expressions of regional identity. There are primarily four types of cultural landscapes, although any given landscape may fall under more than one typology:Designed Landscapes(Links to an external site.),Ethnographic Landscapes(Links to an external site.),Historic Sites(Links to an external site.), and Vernacular Landscapes. [Content = 1:21:00]VIDEOSVideo |General Services Administration (GSA), Landscape Architecture – Preservation and Design Evolution (5:57)Video | TEDx: Linnea Sando, What Do Landscapes Tell Us About Our Culture?(Links to an external site.) (8:53)(Links to an external site.READINGSReading | Places Journal, Rod Barnett, Designing Indian Country (27:00)Reading |The DIRT, Jared Green,The Landscapes of Enslavement Part I(Links to an external site.) + Part II(8:00 + 10:00)PROJECT PRECEDENTSProject Precedent | Iowa Blood Run Cultural Landscape Master Plan(Links to an external site.) (7:00)(Links to an external site.)[ASLA:] The Landscape Architects facilitated the creation of an entirely different dialogue between groups culturally connected to the landscape and those positioned to guide the formation of a unique bi-state park.Project Precedent | Climate Change Impacts on Cultural Landscapes in the Pacific West Region, NPS (7:00)(Links to an external site.)[ASLA:] The study of climate change impacts on cultural landscapes in the Pacific West Region (PWR), of the National Park System, assessed how these landscapes might be affected by key climate variables, and developed recommendations for future research toward the agency’s goal of ensuring cultural landscapes’ resilience in light of climate change variables.Project Precedent | Iqaluit Municipal Cemetery (Links to an external site.)(4:00)[ASLA:] Drawing on local and traditional knowledge, the thoughtful combinations of natural materials and indigenous cultural elements create a dynamic community space where the arctic landscape and its peoples are remembered and celebrated.Project Precedent | IBM Honolulu Plaza(Links to an external site.) (4:00)(Links to an external site.)(Links to an external site.)[ASLA:] Inspired by the existing modernist façade, the new courtyard at IBM Victoria Ward tower showcases a landscape expression of modern Hawaiian architectural motifs and powerful cultural history.Community DesignFirst, we will look at the history of community planning with a focus on a few standard planning approaches including Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND), New Urbanism, and Smart Growth, which emerged in the 1990s. Then, we will hear from a number of designers on how design can preserve history, connect cultures, and build community. [Total content = 1:38:20]LECTURESLecture | Community Design Precedents(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.(24:59)Lecture | Planning Concepts in Community Design(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.(8:11)Week 09 |Zoom recording and audio transcript(Links to an external site.)VIDEOSVideo | TED: Walter Hood, How urban spaces can preserve history and build community(Links to an external site.) (14:07)Hood is a recent recipient of the MacArthur Genius Award (2019 MacArthur Fellow(Links to an external site.))See how he Creat(es) ecologically sustainable urban spaces that resonate with and enrich the lives of current residents while also honoring communal histories.(Links to an external site.) (3:18)Updated: Also, check out NPRs article on MacArthur Fellow Walter Hood Revitalizes Neglected Urban Spaces(Links to an external site.)Video | TED: Vishaan Chakrabarti, How we can design timeless cities for our collective future(Links to an external site.) (13:14)Video | TED: Michael Murphy, Architecture that is built to heal(Links to an external site.) (15:31)PROJECT PRECEDENTSProject Precedents | Yongqing Fang Alleyways: An Urban Transformation(Links to an external site.)(4:00)[ASLA:] Instead of creating a dead street with fake historical decorations, the design successfully recovered the traditional street life with a series of micro-transformations measures…. Residents and visitors celebrate and appreciate the local cultural and historical context that is in harmony with the community.Project Precedents | The Bentway(Links to an external site.) (8:00)[ASLA:] The Bentway re-imagines the citys most divisive symbol of 20th century transportation planning as a new model of shared public terrain, able to capture the soul and spirit of Toronto.Project Precedent | Sundance Square Plaza, The Heart of Fort Worth(Links to an external site.) (7:00)[ASLA:] Texans are famous for a charismatic hospitality that blends traditional values with a genuine good time. Fort Worths Sundance Square Plaza is a prism for this practice at a large scale, a place where everyone can feel at home.This week we begin to explore human systems including history, cultural influences, and community design. Based on the weeks content, please respond to at least (2) two of the bullets below:History + Cultural InfluencesReflect on the four types of cultural landscapes presented by the Cultural Landscape Foundation (LAF). What are their defining elements and what are a few examples of these types of landscapes that you have experienced (or would like to experience).Rod Barnett mentions that, “Landscapes organize the creation and dissemination of national myths, which are naturalized over time.” What landscapes have you seen or visited that have helped to shape the national or local identity of place and people? How do landscape architects create public spaces of engagement and that enable true contact between cultures?How do the precedent projects celebrate or commemorate a community’s history and culture? Which project did you find to be most interesting and why?Community DesignWalter Hood speaks about the role of history and memory in building community. Which of his five guiding principles and/or projects did you find particularly compelling? What are some other places or projects that you have encountered that are successful in using history and memory in design to create community?What do you think about Vishaan Chakrabarti’s argument on the “creeping sameness” in many of our newest urban/suburban landscapes? Is advancing technology the right solution to create a more human-centered world?What stood out to you about Michael Murphy’s (MASS Design Group) approach to community-based design? How does the firm’s architecture relate to the landscape and broader community context?How do the precedent projects create a sense of community, encourage social interactions, and provide comfortable public space? Which project did you find to be most interesting and why?How could Landscape Architects serve a vital role in the creation of strong, vibrant communities while fostering environmentally sustainability? What are your take-aways from the readings and videos on Community Design?A discussion post of about 300 words is expected for full credit.
Obtain the general solution of the following DEs: i. y′′′ + y′′ − 4y′ + 2y = 0 ii. y(4) + 4y(2) = 0 iii. x(x − 2)y′′ + 2(x − 1)y′ − 2y = 0; use y1 = (1 − x) iv. y′′ − 4y = sin2(x) v. y′′ − 4y′ + 3y = x ; use y1 = e3x vi. y′′ + 5y′ + 6y = e2xcos(x) vii. y′′ + y = sec(x) tan(x)
Obtain the general solution of the following DEs: i. y′′′ + y′′ − 4y′ + 2y = 0 ii. y(4) + 4y(2) = 0 iii. x(x − 2)y′′ + 2(x − 1)y′ − 2y = 0; use y1 = (1 − x) iv. y′′ − 4y = sin2(x) v. y′′